Dell™ OpenManage™ Deployment Toolkit Command Line Interface
Reference Guide
The following list defines or identifies technical terms, abbreviations,
and acronyms used in your system documents.
A
Abbreviation for ampere(s).
AC
Abbreviation for alternating current.
AC power switch
A switch with two AC power
inputs that provides AC power redundancy by failing over to a standby AC input
in the event of a failure to the primary AC input.
access
Refers to the actions a user can take on
a variable value. Examples include read-only and read-write.
ACL
Abbreviation for access control list. ACL
files are text files that contain lists that define who can access resources
stored on a Novell� Web server.
adapter card
An expansion card that plugs into
an expansion-card connector on the system's system board. An adapter card adds
some specialized function to the system by providing an interface between the
expansion bus and a peripheral device. Examples of adapter cards include network
cards, sound cards, and SCSI adapters.
ADB
Abbreviation for assign database.
AGP
Abbreviation for advanced graphics port.
ANSI
Abbreviation for American National
Standards Institute.
API
Abbreviation for application program
interface, which is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building
software applications that act as an interface between the operating system and
application programs.
argument
The value supplied with an option, such as in the following command line
instance:
utilname --option=argument
ARP
Acronym for
Address Resolution Protocol, which is a method for finding a host’s Ethernet
address from its Internet address.
ASCII
Acronym for American Standard Code for
Information Interchange. A text file containing only characters from the ASCII
character set (usually created with a text editor, such as Notepad in Microsoft�
Windows�), is called an ASCII file.
ASIC
Acronym for application-specific
integrated circuit.
ASPI
Acronym for advanced SCSI programming
interface.
asset tag code
An individual code assigned to a
system, usually by a system administrator, for security or tracking purposes.
attribute
As it relates to DMI, an attribute is
a piece of information related to a component. Attributes can be combined to
form groups. If an attribute is defined as read-write, it may be defined by a
management application.
autoexec.bat file
The autoexec.bat file
is executed when you boot your system (after executing any commands in the
config.sys file). This start-up file contains commands that define the
characteristics of each device connected to your system, and it finds and
executes programs stored in locations other than the active directory.
backup
A copy of a program or data file. As a
precaution, you should back up your system's hard drive on a regular basis.
Before making a change to the configuration of your system, you should back up
important start-up files from your operating system.
baud rate
A measurement of data transmission
speed. For example, modems are designed to transmit data at one or more
specified baud rate(s) through the COM (serial) port of a system.
beep code
A diagnostic message in the form of a
pattern of beeps from your system's speaker. For example, one beep, followed by
a second beep, and then a burst of three beeps is beep code 1-1-3.
BGA
Abbreviation for ball grid array, an
integrated circuit (IC) package that uses an array of solder balls, instead of
pins, to connect to a system board.
binary
A base-2 numbering system that uses 0
and 1 to represent information. The system performs operations based on the
ordering and calculation of these numbers.
BIOS
Acronym for basic input/output system.
Your system's BIOS contains programs stored on a flash memory chip. The BIOS
controls the following:
Communications between
the microprocessor and peripheral devices, such as the keyboard and the
video adapter
Miscellaneous functions,
such as system messages
bit
The smallest unit of information
interpreted by your system.
BMC
Abbreviation for baseboard management
controller, which is the controller interface between the RAC and the managed
system’s ESM.
boot routine
When you start your system, it
clears all memory, initializes devices, and loads the operating system. Unless
the operating system fails to respond, you can reboot (also called warm boot)
your system by pressing <Ctrl><Alt><Del>; otherwise, you must perform a cold
boot by pressing the reset button or by turning the system off and then back on.
bootable diskette
You can start your system
from a diskette. To make a bootable diskette on a system running Windows, insert
a diskette in the diskette drive, type sys a: at the
command line prompt, and press <Enter>. Use this bootable diskette if your
system does not boot from the hard drive.
bpi
Abbreviation for bits per inch.
bps
Abbreviation for bits per second.
BTU
Abbreviation for British thermal unit.
bus
An information pathway between the
components of a system. Your system contains an expansion bus that allows the
microprocessor to communicate with controllers for all the various peripheral
devices connected to the system. Your system also contains an address bus and a
data bus for communication between the microprocessor and RAM.
byte
Eight contiguous bits of information, the
basic data unit used by your system.
C
Abbreviation for Celsius.
CA
Abbreviation for certification authority.
cache
A fast storage area that keeps a copy of
data or instructions for quicker data retrieval. For example, your system's BIOS
may cache ROM code in faster RAM. Or, a disk-cache utility may reserve RAM in
which to store frequently accessed information from your system's disk drives;
when a program makes a request to a disk drive for data that is in the cache,
the disk-cache utility can retrieve the data from RAM faster than from the disk
drive.
capability
Refers to the actions that an object
can perform, or actions that can be taken on a managed object. For example, if a
card is hot-pluggable, it is capable of being replaced while the system power is
on.
CDRAM
Abbreviation for cached DRAM, which is a
high-speed DRAM memory chip developed by Mitsubishi that includes a small SRAM
cache.
CD-ROM
Abbreviation for compact disc read-only
memory. CD drives use optical technology to read data from CDs. CDs are
read-only storage devices; you cannot write new data to a CD with standard CD
drives.
CHAP
Acronym for Challenge-Handshake
Authentication Protocol, an authentication scheme used by PPP servers to
validate the identity of the originator of the connection upon connection or any
time later.
m for Challenge-Handshake Authentication
chip
chip
A set of microminiaturized, electronic
circuits that are designed for use as processors and memory in systems. Small
chips can hold from a handful to tens of thousands of transistors. They look
like tiny chips of aluminum, no more than 1/16 inch square by 1/30 inch thick,
which is where the term chip came from. Large chips, which can be more
than a half inch square, hold millions of transistors. It is actually only the
top one thousandth of an inch of a chip's surface that holds the circuits. The
rest of it is just a base.
CIM
Acronym for Common Information Model, which
is a model for describing management information from the DMTF. CIM is
implementation independent, allowing different management applications to
collect the required data from a variety of sources. CIM includes schemas for
systems, networks, applications and devices, and new schemas will be added. It
provides mapping techniques for interchange of CIM data with MIB data from SNMP
agents.
CIMOM
Acronym for common information model
object manager.
CI/O
Abbreviation for comprehensive
input/output.
CLI
Abbreviation for command line interface.
CMOS
Acronym for complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor. In systems, CMOS memory chips are often used for NVRAM storage.
command
The combination of an option and argument or just an option if no argument is
required, such as in the following command line instances:
utilname --option
utilname--option=argument
command line example
A series of valid commands, options, and arguments typed in the command line.
For example, the DTK utility name and all necessary options and arguments as
they are entered through the operating system shell:
A:>utilname --option --option=argument
COMn
The device names for the first
through fourth serial ports on your system are COM1, COM2, COM3, and COM4. The
default interrupt for COM1 and COM3 is IRQ4, and the default interrupt for COM2
and COM4 is IRQ3. Therefore, you must be careful when configuring software that
runs a serial device so that you don't create an interrupt conflict.
config.sys file
The config.sys file is
executed when you boot your system (before running any commands in the
autoexec.bat file). This start-up file contains commands that specify which
devices to install and which drivers to use. This file also contains commands
that determine how the operating system uses memory and controls files.
ConsoleOne
Novell ConsoleOne is a Java-based
foundation for graphical utilities that manage and administer network resources
from different locations and platforms. ConsoleOne provides a single point of
control for all Novell and external products.
console redirection
Console redirection is a
function that directs a managed system’s display screen, mouse functions, and
keyboard functions to the corresponding devices on a management station. You may
then use the management station’s system console to control the managed system.
controller
A chip that controls the transfer of
data between the microprocessor and memory or between the microprocessor and a
peripheral device such as a disk drive or the keyboard.
control panel
The part of the system that
contains indicators and controls, such as the power switch, hard drive access
indicator, and power indicator.
conventional memory
The first 640 KB of RAM.
Conventional memory is found in all systems. Unless they are specially designed,
MS-DOS� programs are limited to running in conventional memory.
COO
Abbreviation for cost of ownership.
cooling unit
Sets of fans or other cooling
devices in a system chassis.
coprocessor
A chip that relieves the system's
microprocessor of specific processing tasks. A math coprocessor, for example,
handles numeric processing. A graphics coprocessor handles video rendering. The
Intel� Pentium� microprocessor, for example, includes a built-in math
coprocessor.
cpi
Abbreviation for characters per inch.
CPU
Abbreviation for central processing unit.
See also microprocessor.
CRC
Abbreviation for cyclic redundancy code,
which is a number derived from, and stored or transmitted with, a block of data
in order to detect corruption. By recalculating the CRC and comparing it to the
value originally transmitted, the receiver can detect some types of transmission
errors.
CSR
Abbreviation for certificate signing
request.
cursor
A marker, such as a block, underscore,
or pointer that represents the position at which the next keyboard or mouse
action will occur.
DAT
Acronym for digital audio tape.
dB
Abbreviation for decibel(s).
dBA
Abbreviation for adjusted decibel(s).
DC
Abbreviation for direct current.
device driver
A program that allows the
operating system or some other program to interface correctly with a peripheral
device, such as a printer. Some device drivers—such as network drivers—must be
loaded from the config.sys file (with a device= statement) or as
memory-resident programs (usually, from the autoexec.bat file).
Others—such as video drivers—must load when you start the program for which they
were designed.
DHCP
Abbreviation for Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol, a protocol that provides a means to dynamically allocate
IP addresses to computers on a LAN.
DIMM
Acronym for dual in-line memory module. A
small circuit board containing DRAM chips that connects to the system board.
DIN
Acronym for Deutsche Industrie Norm, which
is the standards-setting organization for Germany. A DIN connector is one that
conforms to one of the many standards defined by DIN. DIN connectors are used
widely in personal computers. For example, the keyboard connector for personal
computers is a DIN connector.
DIP
Acronym for dual in-line package. A circuit
board, such as a system board or expansion card, may contain DIP switches for
configuring the circuit board. DIP switches are always toggle switches, with an
on and an off position.
directory
Directories help keep related files
organized on a disk in an hierarchical, inverted tree structure. Each disk has a
root directory; for example, a C:\> prompt normally indicates that you
are at the root directory of hard drive C. Additional directories that branch
off of the root directory are called subdirectories. Subdirectories may contain
additional directories branching off of them.
Abbreviation for direct memory access. A
DMA channel allows certain types of data transfer between RAM and a device to
bypass the microprocessor.
DMTF
Abbreviation for Distributed Management
Task Force, a consortium of companies representing hardware and software
providers.
dpi
Abbreviation for dots per inch.
DRAM
Acronym for dynamic random-access memory.
A system's RAM is usually made up entirely of DRAM chips. Because DRAM chips
cannot store an electrical charge indefinitely, your system continually
refreshes each DRAM chip in the system.
drive-type number
Your system can recognize a
number of specific hard drives. Each is assigned a drive-type number that is
stored in NVRAM. The hard drive(s) specified in your system's System Setup
program must match the actual drive(s) installed in the system. The System Setup
program also allows you to specify physical parameters (logical cylinders,
logical heads, cylinder number, and logical sectors per pack) for drives not
included in the table of drive types stored in NVRAM.
DSU
Abbreviation for disk storage unit.
DTE
Abbreviation for data terminal equipment.
Any device, such as a computer system, that can send data in digital form by
means of a cable or communication line. The DTE is connected to the cable or
communication line through a data communication equipment (DCE) device, such as
a modem.
ECC
Abbreviation for error checking and
correction.
ECP
Abbreviation for Extended Capabilities
Port.
EDO
Acronym for extended data output dynamic
random access memory which is a type of DRAM that is faster than conventional
DRAM. EDO RAM can start fetching the next block of memory at the same time that
it sends the previous block to the microprocessor.
EEPROM
Acronym for electrically erasable
programmable read-only memory.
EIDE
Abbreviation for enhanced integrated drive
electronics. EIDE devices add one or more of the following enhancements to the
traditional IDE standard:
Data transfer rates
of up to 16 MB/sec
Support for drives
other than just hard drives, such as CD and tape drives
Support for hard drives with capacities greater than 528 MB
Support for up to two controllers, each with up to two devices attached
EISA
Acronym for Extended Industry-Standard
Architecture, a 32-bit expansion-bus design. The expansion-card connectors in an
EISA system are also compatible with 8- or 16-bit ISA expansion cards.
To avoid a configuration conflict when installing an EISA expansion card, you
must use the EISA Configuration Utility. This utility allows you to specify
which expansion slot contains the card and obtains information about the card's
required system resources from a corresponding EISA configuration file.
EMC
Abbreviation for electromagnetic
compatibility.
EMI
Abbreviation for electromagnetic
interference.
EMM
Abbreviation for expanded memory manager. A
utility that uses extended memory to emulate expanded memory.
EMS
Abbreviation for Expanded Memory
Specification.
EPP
Abbreviation for Enhanced Parallel Port
which provides improved bidirectional data transmission. Many devices are
designed to take advantage of the EPP standard, especially devices, such as
network or SCSI adapters that connect to the parallel port of a
portable computer.
EPROM
Acronym for erasable programmable
read-only memory.
ESD
Abbreviation for electrostatic discharge.
ESM
Abbreviation for embedded systems
management, which is a set of instruction coding in system software and firmware
that notifies a user about potential hardware problems on a system.
expanded memory
A technique for accessing RAM
above 1 MB. To enable expanded memory on your system, you must use an EMM. You
should configure your system to support expanded memory only if you run
application programs that can use (or require) expanded memory.
expansion bus
Your system contains an expansion
bus that allows the microprocessor to communicate with controllers for
peripheral devices, such as a network card or an internal modem.
expansion-card connector
A connector on the
system's system board or riser board for plugging in an expansion card.
extended memory
RAM above 1 MB. Most software
that can use it, such as the Windows operating system, requires that extended
memory be under the control of an XMM.
external cache memory
A RAM cache using SRAM
chips. Because SRAM chips operate at several times the speed of DRAM chips, the
microprocessor can retrieve data and instructions faster from external cache
memory than from RAM.
FAT
Acronym for file allocation table. FAT and
FAT32 are file systems that are defined as follows:
FAT — A file system used by MS-DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows 95, and
Windows 98. Windows NT� and Windows 2000 also can use the FAT file system.
The operating system maintains a table to keep track of the status of
various segments of disk space used for file storage.
FAT32 — A derivative of the FAT file system. FAT32 supports smaller cluster
sizes than FAT, thus providing more efficient space allocation on FAT32
drives.
FAT16 — A derivative of the
FAT file system. A volume using FAT16 can hold a maximum of 65,526 clusters.
FAT16 is used for hard disk volumes ranging in size from 16 MB to 2,048 MB.
FEPROM
Acronym for flash erasable programmable
read-only memory. Flash memory is a kind of nonvolatile storage device similar
to EEPROM, but the erasing is done only in blocks or the entire chip.
Fibre Channel
A data transfer interface
technology that allows for high-speed I/O and networking functionality in a
single connectivity technology. The Fibre Channel Standard supports several
topologies, including Fibre Channel Point-to-Point, Fibre Channel Fabric
(generic switching topology), and Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC_AL).
firmware
Software (programs or data) that has
been written onto read-only memory (ROM). Firmware can boot and operate a
device. Each controller contains firmware which helps provide the controller's
functionality.
flash BIOS
A BIOS that is stored in flash
memory rather than in ROM. A flash BIOS chip can be updated in place, whereas a
ROM BIOS must be replaced with a newer chip.
flash memory
A type of EEPROM chip that can be
reprogrammed from a utility on diskette while still installed in a system; most
EEPROM chips can only be rewritten with special programming equipment.
format
To prepare a hard drive or diskette for
storing files. An unconditional format deletes all data stored on the disk.
FPBGA
Abbreviation for field programmable gate
array, a programmable logic chip (PLD) with a high density of gates.
FRU
Abbreviation for field replaceable unit.
ft
Abbreviation for feet.
FTP
Abbreviation for file transfer protocol.
FQDN
Abbreviation for fully qualified domain name. It consists of a host and domain
name, including top-level domain.
Example:
www.webopedia.com.
www is the host,
webopedia is the second-level domain, and .com is the top-level
domain.
function commands
Commands that specify an action
to be performed.
G
Abbreviation for gravities.
GB
Abbreviation for gigabyte(s). A gigabyte
equals 1024 megabytes or 1,073,741,824 bytes.
gcc
Abbreviation for gnu C complier.
GMT
Abbreviation for Greenwich Mean Time, which
is the standard time common to every place in the world. GMT nominally reflects
the mean solar time along the prime meridian (0 longitude) that runs through the
Greenwich Observatory outside of London, UK.
A video mode that can be defined
as x horizontal by y vertical pixels by z colors.
GUI
Acronym for graphical user interface.
GUID
Globally unique identifier. A 16-byte
identifier based on the host's network interface card (NIC) address and time
stamp.
h
Abbreviation for hexadecimal. A base-16
numbering system, often used in programming to identify addresses in the
system's RAM and I/O memory addresses for devices. The sequence of decimal
numbers from 0 through 16, for example, is expressed in hexadecimal notation as:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F, 10. In text, hexadecimal numbers
are often followed by h.
HBA
Abbreviation for host bus adapter. A PCI
adapter card that resides in the system whose only function is to convert data
commands from PCI-bus format to storage interconnect format (examples: SCSI,
Fibre Channel) and communicate directly with hard drives, tape drives, CD
drives, or other storage devices.
heat sink
A metal plate with metal pegs or ribs
that help dissipate heat. Most microprocessors include a heat sink.
HMA
Abbreviation for high memory area. The
first 64 KB of extended memory above 1 MB. A memory manager that conforms to the
XMS can make the HMA a direct extension of conventional memory. Also
seeXMM.
host adapter
A host adapter implements
communication between the system's bus and the controller for a peripheral
device. (hard drive controller subsystems include integrated host adapter
circuitry.) To add a SCSI expansion bus to your system, you must install or
connect the appropriate host adapter.
hot plug
The ability to remove and replace a
redundant part while the system is still running. Also called a hot spare.
HPFS
Abbreviation for the High Performance File
System option in the Windows NT operating systems.
HTTP
Abbreviation for Hypertext Transfer
Protocol. HTTP is the client-server TCP/IP protocol used on the World Wide Web
for the exchange of HTML documents.
HTTPS
Abbreviation for HyperText Transmission
Protocol, Secure. HTTPS is a variant of HTTP used by Web browsers for handling
secure transactions. HTTPS is a unique protocol that is simply SSL underneath
HTTP. You need to use https:// for HTTP URLs with SSL, whereas you continue to
use http:// for HTTP URLs without SSL.
Hz
Abbreviation for hertz.
ICES
Abbreviation for Interface-Causing
Equipment Standard (in Canada).
ICMB
Abbreviation for Intelligent Chassis
Management Bus.
ICMP
Abbreviation for Internet Control Message
Protocol. ICMP is a TCP/IP protocol used to send error and control messages.
ICU
Abbreviation for ISA Configuration Utility.
ID
Abbreviation for identifier, commonly used
when referring to a user identifier (user ID), object identifier (object ID), or
hardware identifier (controller ID).
IDE
Abbreviation for Integrated Drive
Electronics. IDE is a computer system interface, used primarily for hard drives
and CDs.
I/O
Abbreviation for input/output. The keyboard
is an input device, and a printer is an output device. In general, I/O activity
can be differentiated from computational activity. For example, when a program
sends a document to the printer, it is engaging in output activity; when the
program sorts a list of terms, it is engaging in computational activity.
IHV
Abbreviation for independent hardware
vendor. IHVs often develop their own MIBs for components that they manufacture.
interlacing
A technique for increasing video
resolution by only updating alternate horizontal lines on the screen. Because
interlacing can result in noticeable screen flicker, most users prefer
noninterlaced video adapter resolutions.
internal microprocessor cache
An instruction
and data cache built in to the microprocessor. The Intel Pentium microprocessor
includes a 16-KB internal cache, which is set up as an 8-KB read-only
instruction cache and an 8-KB read/write data cache.
IP address
Abbreviation for Internet Protocol
address. SeeTCP/IP.
IPMB
Abbreviation for intelligent platform
management bus, which is a bus used in systems management technology.
IPMI
Abbreviation for Intelligent Platform
Management Interface, which is a part of systems management technology.
IPX
Abbreviation for internetwork packet
exchange.
IRQ
Abbreviation for interrupt request. A
signal that data is about to be sent to or received by a peripheral device
travels by an IRQ line to the microprocessor. Each peripheral connection must be
assigned an IRQ number. For example, the first serial port in your system (COM1)
is assigned to IRQ4 by default. Two devices can share the same IRQ assignment,
but you cannot operate both devices simultaneously.
ISA
Acronym for Industry-Standard Architecture.
A 16-bit expansion bus design. The expansion-card connectors in an ISA system
are also compatible with 8-bit ISA expansion cards.
ISV
Abbreviation for independent software
vendor.
ITE
Abbreviation for information technology
equipment.
Java
A cross-platform programming language
developed by Sun Microsystems.
JSSE
Abbreviation for Java Secure Socket
Extension.
jumper
Jumpers are small blocks on a circuit
board with two or more pins emerging from them. Plastic plugs containing a wire
fit down over the pins. The wire connects the pins and creates a circuit.
Jumpers provide a simple and reversible method of changing the circuitry in a
printed circuit board.
K
Abbreviation for kilo-, indicating 1000.
KB
Abbreviation for kilobyte(s), 1024 bytes.
KB/sec
Abbreviation for kilobyte(s) per second.
Kbit(s)
Abbreviation for kilobit(s), 1024 bits.
Kbit(s)/sec
Abbreviation for kilobit(s) per
second.
key combination
A command requiring you to
press multiple keys at the same time. For example, you can reboot your system by
pressing the <Ctrl><Alt><Del> key combination.
kHz
Abbreviation for kilohertz, 1000 hertz.
LAN
Acronym for local area network. A LAN
system is usually confined to the same building or a few nearby buildings, with
all equipment linked by wiring dedicated specifically to the LAN.
lb
Abbreviation for pound(s).
LCC
Abbreviation for leaded or leadless chip
carrier.
LCD
Abbreviation for liquid crystal display.
A type of display used in many portable computers. LCDs utilize two sheets of
polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric
current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light
cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either
allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.
LIF
Acronym for low insertion force. Some
systems use LIF sockets and connectors to allow devices, such as the
microprocessor chip, to be installed or removed with minimal stress to the
device.
LED
Abbreviation for light-emitting diode. An
electronic device that lights up when a current is passed through it.
local bus
On a system with local-bus expansion
capability, certain peripheral devices (such as the video adapter circuitry) can
be designed to run much faster than they would with a traditional expansion bus.
Some local-bus designs allow peripherals to run at the same speed and with the
same width data path as the system's microprocessor.
LPTn
The device names for the first
through third parallel printer ports on your system are LPT1, LPT2, and LPT3.
LRA
Abbreviation for local response agent.
mA
Abbreviation for milliampere(s).
MAC
Acronym for media access control, which is
a network sublayer between a network node and the network physical layer.
MAC address
Acronym for media access control
address, which is a unique address embedded in the physical components of a NIC.
mAh
Abbreviation for milliampere-hour(s).
managed system
A managed system is any system
that is monitored and managed using Server Administrator. Systems running Server
Administrator can be managed locally or remotely through a supported Web
browser. Seeremote management system.
Abbreviation for megabyte(s). The term
megabyte means 1,048,576 bytes; however, when referring to hard drive storage,
the term is often rounded to mean 1,000,000 bytes.
MB/sec
Abbreviation for megabytes per second.
Mbps
Abbreviation for megabits per second.
MBR
Abbreviation for master boot record.
MCA
Abbreviation for Micro Channel
Architecture, which is designed for multiprocessing. MCA eliminates potential
conflicts that arise when installing new peripheral devices. MCA is not
compatible with either EISA or XT bus architecture, so older cards cannot be
used with it.
memory
A system can contain several different
forms of memory, such as RAM, ROM, and video memory. Frequently, the word memory
is used as a synonym for RAM; for example, an unqualified statement such as "a
system with 16 MB of memory" refers to a system with 16 MB of RAM.
memory address
A specific location, usually
expressed as a hexadecimal number, in the system's RAM.
memory manager
A utility that controls the
implementation of memory in addition to conventional memory, such as extended or
expanded memory.
memory module
A small circuit board containing
DRAM chips that connects to the system board.
MHz
Abbreviation for megahertz.
MIB
Acronym for management information base.
The MIB is used to send detailed status/commands from or to an SNMP managed
device.
microprocessor
The primary computational chip
inside the system that controls the interpretation and execution of arithmetic
and logic functions. Software written for one microprocessor must usually be
revised to run on another microprocessor. CPU is a synonym for microprocessor.
MIDI
Acronym for musical instrument digital
interface.
modem
A device that allows your system to
communicate with other systems over telephone lines.
modular system
A system that can include
multiple server modules. Each server module functions as an individual system.
To function as a system, a server module is inserted into a chassis which
includes power supplies, fans, a system management module, and at least one
network switch module. The power supplies, fans, system management module, and
network switch module are shared resources of the server modules in the chassis.
Seeserver module.
MOF
Acronym for managed object format, which is
an ASCII file that contains the formal definition of a CIM schema.
mouse
A pointing device that controls the
movement of the cursor on a screen. Mouse-aware software allows you to activate
commands by clicking a mouse button while pointing at objects displayed on the
screen.
MPEG
Acronym for Motion Picture Experts Group.
MPEG is a digital video file format.
ms
Abbreviation for millisecond(s).
MTBF
Abbreviation for mean time between
failures.
multifrequency monitor
A monitor that supports
several video standards. A multifrequency monitor can adjust to the frequency
range of the signal from a variety of video adapters.
mV
Abbreviation for millivolt(s).
name
The name of an object or variable is the
exact string that identifies it in an SNMP Management Information Base (MIB)
file or in a CIM Management Object File (MOF).
NDIS
Abbreviation for Network Driver Interface
Specification.
NDS
Abbreviation for NetWare� Directory
Structure.
NIC
Acronym for network interface controller.
NICI
Abbreviation for NetWare International
Cryptographic Infrastructure.
NIF
Acronym for network interface function.
This term is equivalent to NIC.
NLM
Abbreviation for NetWare Loadable Module.
NMI
Abbreviation for nonmaskable interrupt. A
device sends an NMI to signal the microprocessor about hardware errors, such as
a parity error.
noninterlaced
A technique for decreasing screen
flicker by sequentially refreshing each horizontal line on the screen.
ns
Abbreviation for nanosecond(s), one
billionth of a second.
NTFS
Abbreviation for the Windows NT File
System option in the Windows NT operating system. NTFS is an advanced file
system designed for use specifically within the Windows NT operating system. It
supports file system recovery, extremely large storage media, and long
filenames. It also supports object-oriented applications by treating all files
as objects with user-defined and system-defined attributes. Seealso
FAT and FAT32.
NTLM
Abbreviation for Windows NT LAN Manager.
NTLM is the security protocol for the Windows NT operating system.
NuBus
Proprietary expansion bus used on Apple
Macintosh personal computers.
NVRAM
Acronym for nonvolatile random-access
memory. Memory that does not lose its contents when you turn off your system.
NVRAM is used for maintaining the date, time, and system configuration
information.
OID
Abbreviation for object identifier. An
implementation-specific integer or pointer that uniquely identifies an object.
online access service
A service that typically
provides access to the Internet, e-mail, bulletin boards, chat rooms, and file
libraries.
operation
The process of applying a command through the appropriate interface.
option
An argument to a command that modifies its function rather than providing data
and is usually set off by a delimiter such as -
or /.
Some options may or must be followed by a value, for example:
utilname -option=argument
OTP
Abbreviation for one-time programmable.
PAM
Acronym for Pluggable Authentication
Modules. PAM allows system administrators to set an authentication policy
without having to recompile authentication programs.
parallel port
An I/O port used most often to
connect a parallel printer to your system. You can usually identify a parallel
port on your system by its 25-hole connector.
parameter
A value or option that you specify to
a program. A parameter is sometimes called a switch or an argument.
partition
You can divide a hard drive into
multiple physical sections called partitions with the fdisk command. Each
partition can contain multiple logical drives. After partitioning the hard
drive, you must format each logical drive with the format command.
PC card
A credit-card sized, removable module
for portable computers standardized by PCMCIA. PC Cards are also known as
PCMCIA cards. PC Cards are 16-bit devices that are used to attach modems,
network adapters, sound cards, radio transceivers, solid state disks and hard
disks to a portable computer. The PC Card is a plug-and-play device, which is
configured automatically by the Card Services software.
PCI
Abbreviation for Peripheral Component
Interconnect. The predominant 32-bit or 64-bit local-bus standard developed by
Intel Corporation.
PCMCIA
Personal Computer Memory Card
International Association. An international trade association that has developed
standards for devices, such as modems and external hard drives, that can be
plugged into portable computers.
PERC
Acronym for PowerEdge™ Expandable RAID
controller.
peripheral device
An internal or external
device—such as a printer, a disk drive, or a keyboard—connected to a system.
PGA
Abbreviation for pin grid array, a type of
microprocessor socket that allows you to remove the microprocessor chip.
physical memory array
The physical memory array
is the entire physical memory of a system. Variables for physical memory array
include maximum size, total number of memory slots on the motherboard, and total
number of slots in use.
physical memory array mapped
The physical
memory array mapped refers to the way physical memory is divided.
For example, one mapped area may have 640 KB and the other mapped area may have
between 1 MB and 127 MB.
PIC
Acronym for programmable interrupt
controller.
PIP
Acronym for peripheral interchange program.
pixel
A single point on a video display. Pixels
are arranged in rows and columns to create an image. A video resolution, such as
640 x 480, is expressed as the number of pixels across by the number of pixels
up and down.
PKCS #7
Abbreviation for Public Key
Cryptography Standard #7. PKCS #7 is an RSA Data Security, Inc., standard for
encapsulating signed data such as a certificate chain.
PKIS
Abbreviation for Novell Public Key
Infrastructure Services.
PLCC
Abbreviation for plastic leaded chip
carrier.
PEF
Abbreviation for Platform Event Filter.
A PEF is a function that compares an event against a set of configurable event
filters and triggers a selectable action, such as, an alert on a match.
Plug and Play
An industry-standard
specification that makes it easier to add hardware devices to personal
computers. Plug and Play provides automatic installation and configuration,
compatibility with existing hardware, and dynamic support of mobile computing
environments.
PME
Abbreviation for Power Management Event. A
PME is a pin on a peripheral component interconnect that allows a PCI device to
assert a wake event.
POST
Acronym for power-on self-test. Before the
operating system loads when you turn on your system, the POST tests various
system components such as RAM, the disk drives, and the keyboard.
power supply
An electrical system that converts
AC current from the wall outlet into the DC currents required by the system
circuitry. The power supply in a personal computer typically generates multiple
voltages.
power unit
A set of power supplies in a system
chassis.
ppm
Abbreviation for pages per minute.
PPP
Short for Point-to-Point Protocol; it is a
method of connecting a computer to the Internet.
PQFP
Abbreviation for plastic quad flat pack, a
type of microprocessor socket in which the microprocessor chip is permanently
mounted.
program diskette set
The set of diskettes from
which you can perform a complete installation of an operating system or
application program. When you reconfigure a program, you often need its program
diskette set.
protected mode
An operating mode supported by
80286 or higher microprocessors, protected mode allows operating systems to
implement:
A memory address space of 16 MB to 4
GB
Multitasking
Virtual memory, a method for increasing addressable memory by using the hard
drive
provider
A provider is an extension of a CIM
schema that communicates with managed objects and accesses data and event
notifications from a variety of sources. Providers forward this information to
the CIM Object Manager for integration and interpretation.
PS/2
Abbreviation for Personal System/2.
PXE
Abbreviation for Pre-boot eXecution
Environment.
QFP
Abbreviation for quad flat pack.
RAC
Acronym for remote access controller.
RAID
Acronym for redundant array of independent
drives.
RAM
Acronym for random-access memory. A
system's primary temporary storage area for program instructions and data. Each
location in RAM is identified by a number called a memory address. Any
information stored in RAM is lost when you turn off your system.
RAMDAC
Acronym for random-access memory
digital-to-analog converter.
RAM disk
A memory-resident program that
emulates a hard drive.
RAS
Acronym for remote access service, which is
a service provided by some Microsoft Windows operating systems that allows most
of the services that would be available on a network to be accessed over a
modem. The service includes support for dial-up and logon tasks and presents the
same network interface as the normal network drivers used for the NIC.
RBAC
Abbreviation for role-based access
control.
RDRAM
Acronym for Rambus DRAM. A dynamic RAM
chip technology from Rambus, Inc. Direct RDRAMs are used in systems. Direct
RDRAM chips are housed in RIMM modules, which are similar to DIMMs but have
different pin settings. The chips can be built with dual channels, doubling the
transfer rate to 3.2 GB/sec.
read-only file
A read-only file is one that you
are prohibited from editing or deleting. A file can have read-only status if:
Its read-only attribute is enabled.
It
resides on a physically write-protected diskette or on a diskette in a
write-protected drive.
It is located
on a network in a directory to which the system administrator has assigned
read-only rights to you.
readme file
A text file included with a
software package or hardware product that contains information supplementing or
updating the documentation for the software or hardware. Typically, readme files
provide installation information, describe new product enhancements or
corrections that have not yet been documented, and list known problems or other
things you need to be aware of as you use the software or hardware.
real mode
An operating mode supported by 80286
or higher microprocessors, real mode imitates the architecture of an 8086
microprocessor.
refresh rate
The rate at which the monitor
redraws the video image on the monitor screen. More precisely, the refresh rate
is the frequency, measured in Hz, at which the screen's horizontal lines are
recharged (sometimes also referred to as its vertical frequency). The higher the
refresh rate, the less video flicker can be seen by the human eye. The higher
refresh rates are also noninterlaced.
remote management system
A remote management
system is any system that accesses the Server Administrator home page on a
managed system from a remote location using a supported Web browser. See
managed system.
RFI
Abbreviation for radio frequency
interference.
RGB
Abbreviation for red/green/blue.
RIMM
Acronym for Rambus In-line Memory Module,
which is the Rambus equivalent of a DIMM module.
ROM
Acronym for read-only memory. Your system
contains some programs essential to its operation in ROM code. Unlike RAM, a ROM
chip retains its contents even after you turn off your system. Examples of code
in ROM include the program that initiates your system's boot routine and the
POST.
rpm
Abbreviation for revolutions per minute.
RPM
Abbreviation for RPM Package Manager.
RSA
Abbreviation for Rivest, Shamir, and
Adleman, the inventors of a public key encryption technology developed by RSA
Data Security, Inc.
RTC
Abbreviation for real-time clock.
Battery-powered clock circuitry inside the system that keeps the date and time
after you turn off the system.
SAN
Acronym for storage area network.
SAS
Acronym for Secure Authentication Services.
SATA
Abbreviation for Serial Advanced
Technology Attachment.
SCA
Abbreviation for single connector
attachment.
schema
A collection of class definitions that
describes managed objects in a particular environment. A CIM schema is a
collection of class definitions used to represent managed objects that are
common to every management environment, which is why CIM is called the Common
Information Model.
SCSI
Acronym for small computer system
interface. An I/O bus interface with faster data transmission rates than
standard ports. You can connect up to seven devices (15 for some newer SCSI
types) to one SCSI interface.
SEL
Acronym for system event log.
The system event log is a time-stamped nonvolatile record of the most recent
platform events that have been logged in the shelf.
SDMS
Abbreviation for SCSI device management
system.
sec
Abbreviation for second(s).
SEC
Abbreviation for single-edge contact.
secure port server
An application that makes
Web pages available for viewing by Web browsers using the HTTPS protocol. See
Web server.
serial port
An I/O port used most often to
connect a modem to your system. You can usually identify a serial port on your
system by its 9-pin connector.
settings
Settings are conditions of a
manageable object help to determine what happens when a certain value is
detected in a component. For example, a user can set the upper critical
threshold of a temperature probe to 75 degrees Celsius. If the probe reaches
that temperature, the setting results in an alert being sent to the management
system so that user intervention can be taken. Some settings, when reached, can
trigger a system shutdown or other response that can prevent damage to the
system.
server module
A modular system component that
functions as an individual system. To function as a system, a server module is
inserted into a chassis which includes power supplies, fans, a system management
module, and at least one network switch module. The power supplies, fans, system
management module, and network switch module are shared resources of the server
modules in the chassis. Seemodular
system.
service tag number
A bar code label that
identifies each system in the event that you need to call for customer or
technical support.
SGRAM
Acronym for synchronous graphics RAM.
shadowing
A computer's system and video BIOS
code is usually stored on ROM chips. Shadowing refers to the
performance-enhancement technique that copies BIOS code to faster RAM chips in
the upper memory area (above 640 KB) during the boot routine.
SIMD
Abbreviation for Single Instruction
Multiple Data.
SIMM
Acronym for single in-line memory module.
A small circuit board containing DRAM chips that connects to the system board.
SIP
Acronym for single in-line package, which
is a type of housing for electronic components in which the connecting pins
protrude from one side. A SIP is also called a Single In-line Pin Package
(SIPP).
SKU
Acronym for stock keeping unit.
SMART
Acronym for Self-Monitoring Analysis and
Reporting Technology. A technology that allows hard drives to report errors and
failures to the system BIOS, which then displays an error message on the screen.
To take advantage of this technology, you must have a SMART-compliant hard drive
and the proper support in the system BIOS.
SMBIOS
Acronym for system management BIOS.
SMD
Abbreviation for surface mount device.
SMTP
Abbreviation for Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol.
SNMP
Abbreviation for Simple Network Management
Protocol. SNMP, a popular network control and monitoring protocol, is part of
the original TCP/IP protocol suite. SNMP provides the format in which vital
information about different network devices, such as network servers or routers,
can be sent to a management application.
SNMP trap
A notification (event) generated by
the RAC or ESM that contains information about state changes on the managed
system or about potential hardware problems.
SODIMM
Acronym for small outline-DIMM. A DIMM
module with a thinner profile due to the use of TSOP chip packages. SODIMMs are
commonly used in portable computers.
SOIC
Abbreviation for Small Outline IC, a
small-dimension, plastic, rectangular, surface mount chip package that uses
gull-wing pins extending outward.
SOJ
Abbreviation for small outline package
J-lead, a small-dimension, plastic, rectangular surface mount chip package with
j-shaped pins on its two long sides.
SOL
Abbreviation for Serial Over LAN. SOL
enables suitably designed servers to transparently redirect the serial character
stream of a baseboard UART to/from a remote client over a shared LAN. The
architecture requires software running on the managed system's BMC and client
software running on a management station and/or a central network proxy.
SRAM
Abbreviation for static random-access
memory. Because SRAM chips do not require continual refreshing, they are
substantially faster than DRAM chips.
SSH
Abbreviation for Secure Shell.
SSH is a program that may be used to log into another system over a network, to
execute commands in a remote system, and to move files from one system to
another. It provides strong authentication and secure communication over
insecure channels.
SSL
Abbreviation for secure socket layer.
state
Refers to the condition of an object that
can have more than one condition. For example, an object may be in the
not ready state.
status
Refers to the health or functioning of
an object. For example, a temperature probe can have the status normal if the
probe is measuring acceptable temperatures. When the probe begins reading
temperatures that exceed limits set by the user, it reports a critical status.
support commands
Commands that specify how an action should be performed.
SVGA
Abbreviation for super video graphics
array. VGA and SVGA are video standards for video adapters with greater
resolution and color display capabilities than previous standards.
To display a program at a specific resolution, you must install the appropriate
video drivers and your monitor must support the resolution. Similarly, the
number of colors that a program can display depends on the capabilities of the
monitor, the video driver, and the amount of video memory installed in the
system.
switch
On a system board, switches control
various circuits or functions in your computer system. These switches are known
as DIP switches; they are normally packaged in groups of two or more switches in
a plastic case. Two common DIP switches are used on system boards: slide
switches and rocker switches. The names of the switches are based on how the
settings (on and off) of the switches are changed.
syntax
The rules that dictate how you must type
a command or instruction so that the system understands it. A variable's syntax
indicates its data type.
system board
As the main circuit board, the
system board usually contains most of your system's integral components, such as
the following:
Microprocessor
RAM
Controllers for standard
peripheral devices, such as the keyboard
Various ROM chips
Frequently used
synonyms for system board are motherboard and logic board.
system configuration information
Data stored in
memory that tells a system what hardware is installed and how the system should
be configured for operation.
system diskette
System diskette is a synonym
for bootable diskette.
system memory
System memory is a synonym for
RAM.
System Setup program
A BIOS-based program that
allows you to configure your system's hardware and customize the system's
operation by setting such features as password protection and energy management.
Some options in the System Setup program require that you reboot the system (or
the system may reboot automatically) in order to make a hardware configuration
change. Because the System Setup program is stored in NVRAM, any settings remain
in effect until you change them again.
system.ini file
A start-up file for the Windows
operating system. When you start Windows, it consults the system.ini file
to determine a variety of options for the Windows operating environment. Among
other things, the system.ini file records which video, mouse, and
keyboard drivers are installed for Windows.
Running
the Control Panel or Windows Setup program may change options in the
system.ini file. On other occasions, you may need to change or add options
to the system.ini file manually with a text editor, such as Notepad.
table
In SNMP MIBs, a table is a two
dimensional array that describes the variables that make up a managed object.
TAP
Abbreviation for Telelocator Alphanumeric
Protocol, which is a protocol used for submitting requests to a pager service.
TCP/IP
Abbreviation for Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol. A system for transferring information over a
computer network containing dissimilar systems, such as systems running Windows
and UNIX�.
termination
Some devices (such as the last
device at each end of a SCSI cable) must be terminated to prevent reflections
and spurious signals in the cable. When such devices are connected in a series,
you may need to enable or disable the termination on these devices by changing
jumper or switch settings on the devices or by changing settings in the
configuration software for the devices.
text editor
An application program for editing
text files consisting exclusively of ASCII characters. Windows Notepad is a text
editor, for example. Most word processors use proprietary file formats
containing binary characters, although some can read and write text files.
TFTP
Abbreviation for Trivial File Transfer
Protocol. TFTP is a version of the TCP/IP FTP protocol that has no directory or
password capability.
text mode
A video mode that can be defined as x
columns by y rows of characters.
threshold values
Systems are normally equipped
with various sensors that monitor temperature, voltage, current, and fan speed.
The sensor's threshold values specify the ranges (min and max values) for
determining whether the sensor is operating under normal, noncritical, critical
or fatal conditions. Server Administrator-supported threshold values are
UpperThresholdFatal
UpperThresholdCritical
UpperThresholdNon-critical
Normal
LowerThresholdNon-critical
LowerThresholdCritical
LowerThresholdFatal
time-out
A specified period of system
inactivity that must occur before an energy conservation feature is activated.
tpi
Abbreviation for tracks per inch.
TQFP
Abbreviation for thin quad flat pack.
TSR
Abbreviation for
terminate-and-stay-resident. A TSR program runs in the background. Most TSR
programs implement a pre-defined key combination (sometimes referred to as a hot
key) that allows you to activate the TSR program's interface while running
another program. When you finish using the TSR program, you can return to the
other application program and leave the TSR program resident in memory for later
use. TSR programs can sometimes cause memory conflicts. When troubleshooting,
rule out the possibility of such a conflict by rebooting your system without
starting any TSR programs.
TSOP
Abbreviation for thin small outline
package. A very thin, plastic, rectangular surface mount chip package with
gull-wing pins on its two short sides.
UART
Acronym for universal asynchronous
receiver transmitter, the electronic circuit that makes up the serial port.
UDP
Abbreviation for user datagram protocol.
UL
Abbreviation for Underwriters Laboratories.
UMB
Abbreviation for upper memory blocks.
unicode
A fixed width, 16-bit world wide
character encoding, developed and maintained by the Unicode Consortium.
UPS
Abbreviation for uninterruptible power
supply. A battery-powered unit that automatically supplies power to your system
in the event of an electrical failure.
URL
Abbreviation for Uniform Resource Locator
(formerly Universal Resource Locator).
USB
Abbreviation for Universal Serial Bus. A
USB connector provides a single connection point for multiple USB-compliant
devices, such as mice, keyboards, printers, and computer speakers. USB devices
can also be connected and disconnected while the system is running.
utility
A program used to manage system
resources—memory, disk drives, or printers, for example.
utility partition
A bootable partition on the
hard drive that provides utilities and diagnostics for your hardware and
software. When activated, the partition boots and provides an executable
environment for the partition's utilities.
UTC
Abbreviation for Universal Coordinated
Time. SeeGMT.
UTP
Abbreviation for unshielded twisted pair.
UUID
Abbreviation for Universal Unique
Identification.
V
Abbreviation for volt(s).
VAC
Abbreviation for volt(s) alternating
current.
validation
Process of checking a command.
varbind
An algorithm used to assign an object
identifier (OID). The varbind gives rules for arriving at the decimal prefix
that uniquely identifies an enterprise, as well as the formula for specifying a
unique identifier for the objects defined in that enterprise's MIB.
variable
A component of a managed object. A
temperature probe, for example, has a variable to describe its capabilities, its
health or status, and certain indexes that you can use to help you in locating
the right temperature probe.
VCCI
Abbreviation for Voluntary Control Council
for Interference.
VDC
Abbreviation for volt(s) direct current.
VGA
Abbreviation for video graphics array. VGA
and SVGA are video standards for video adapters with greater resolution and
color display capabilities than previous standards. To display a program at a
specific resolution, you must install the appropriate video drivers and your
monitor must support the resolution. Similarly, the number of colors that a
program can display depends on the capabilities of the monitor, the video
driver, and the amount of video memory installed for the video adapter.
VGA feature connector
On some systems with a
built-in VGA video adapter, a VGA feature connector allows you to add an
enhancement adapter, such as a video accelerator, to your system. A VGA feature
connector can also be called a VGA pass-through connector.
video adapter
The logical circuitry that
provides—in combination with the monitor—your system's video capabilities.
A video adapter may support more or fewer features than a specific monitor
offers. Typically, a video adapter comes with video drivers for displaying
popular application programs and operating systems in a variety of video modes.
On some systems, a video adapter is integrated into the system board. Also
available are many video adapter cards that plug into an expansion-card
connector.
Video adapters often include memory
separate from RAM on the system board. The amount of video memory, along with
the adapter's video drivers, may affect the number of colors that can be
simultaneously displayed. Video adapters can also include their own coprocessor
for faster graphics rendering.
video driver
A program that allows
graphics-mode application programs and operating systems to display at a chosen
resolution with the desired number of colors. A software package may include
some generic video drivers. Any additional video drivers may need to match the
video adapter installed in the system.
video memory
Most VGA and SVGA video adapters
include memory chips in addition to your system's RAM. The amount of video
memory installed primarily influences the number of colors that a program can
display (with the appropriate video drivers and monitor capabilities).
video mode
Video adapters normally support
multiple text and graphics display modes. Character-based software displays in
text modes that can be defined as
x columns by y
rows of characters. Graphics-based software displays in graphics modes that can
be defined as x horizontal
by y vertical
pixels by z colors.
video resolution
Video resolution—800 x 600,
for example—is expressed as the number of pixels across by the number of pixels
up and down. To display a program at a specific graphics resolution, you must
install the appropriate video drivers and your monitor must support the
resolution.
virtual memory
A method for increasing
addressable RAM by using the hard drive. For example, in a system with 16 MB of
RAM and 16 MB of virtual memory set up on the hard drive, the operating system
would manage the system as though it had 32 MB of physical RAM.
virus
A self-starting program designed to
inconvenience you. Virus programs have been known to corrupt the files stored on
a hard drive or to replicate themselves until a computer system or network runs
out of memory. The most common way that virus programs move from one system to
another is by infected diskettes, from which they copy themselves to the hard
drive. To guard against virus programs, you should do the following:
Periodically run a virus-checking utility on your system's hard drive
Always run a virus-checking utility on any diskettes (including commercially
sold software) before using them
VLSI
Abbreviation for very-large-scale
integration.
VLVESA
Acronym for very low voltage enterprise
system architecture.
VNC
Abbreviation for virtual network computing.
vpp
Abbreviation for peak-point voltage.
VRAM
Acronym for video random-access memory.
Some video adapters use VRAM chips (or a combination of VRAM and DRAM) to
improve video performance. VRAM is dual-ported, allowing the video adapter to
update the screen and receive new image data at the same time.
VT-100
Abbreviation for Video Terminal 100,
which is used by the most common terminal emulation programs.
W
Abbreviation for watt(s).
Wakeup on LAN
The ability for the power in a
client station to be turned on by the network. Remote wake-up enables software
upgrading and other management tasks to be performed on users' machines after
the work day is over. It also enables remote users to gain access to machines
that have been turned off. Intel calls remote wake-up Wake-on-LAN.
WAN
Abbreviation for wide area network.
Web server
An application that makes Web pages
available for viewing by Web browsers using the HTTP protocol.
WH
Abbreviation for watt-hour(s).
winbom.ini file
Winbom.ini provides a
bill-of-materials to guide the installation and configuration process.
Winbom.ini is used in different ways throughout the preinstallation and
manufacturing process.You can start a computer using Windows PE as the operating
system, and run the command factory -winpe to preinstall Windows from a
configuration set specified in the Winbom.ini file.
win.ini file
A start-up file for the Windows
operating system. When you start Windows, it consults the win.ini file to
determine a variety of options for the Windows operating environment. Among
other things, the win.ini file records what printer(s) and fonts are
installed for Windows. The win.ini file also usually includes sections
that contain optional settings for Windows application programs that are
installed on the hard drive. Running the Control Panel or Windows Setup program
may change options in the win.ini file. On other occasions, you may need
to change or add options to the win.ini file manually with a text editor
such as Notepad.
Windows 95
An integrated and complete Microsoft
Windows operating system that does not require MS-DOS and that provides advanced
operating system performance, improved ease of use, enhanced workgroup
functionality, and simplified file management and browsing.
Windows NT
High-performance server and
workstation operating system software developed by Microsoft that is intended
for technical, engineering, and financial applications.
write-protected
Read-only files are said to be
write-protected. You can write-protect a 3.5-inch diskette by sliding its
write-protect tab to the open position or by setting the write-protect feature
in the System Setup program.
X.509 Certificate
An X.509 certificate binds a
public encryption key to the identity or other attribute of its principal.
Principals can be people, application code (such as a signed applet) or any
other uniquely identified entity (such as a secure port server or Web server).
XMM
Abbreviation for extended memory manager, a
utility that allows application programs and operating systems to use extended
memory in accordance with the XMS.
XMS
Abbreviation for eXtended Memory
Specification.
X Windows system
The graphical user interface
used in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux environment.
ZIF
Acronym for zero insertion force. Some
systems use ZIF sockets and connectors to allow devices such as the
microprocessor chip to be installed or removed with no stress applied to the
device.
ZIP
A 3.5-inch removable disk drive from
Iomega. Originally, it provided 100-MB removable cartridges. The drive is
bundled with software that can catalog the disks and lock the files for
security. A 250-MB version of the Zip drive also reads and writes the 100-MB Zip
cartridges.
